- Python Programs
- Python Programs - Home
- Introduction to Python
- Print "Hello, World!"
- Print your name, age, and country
- Print the result of a simple arithmetic expression
- Use sep and end in print()
- Print a poem or song lyrics
- Print a multi-line quote using triple quotes
- Display ASCII art using print()
- Format and print full name using + and ,
- Print today's date using formatted output
- Display types of several variables with type()
- Print truth values of Boolean expressions
- Print Python keywords using the keyword module
- Variables and Data Types
- Assign values to different types (int, float, str, bool)
- Perform all arithmetic operations on two numbers
- Swap two variables using a temporary variable
- Swap variables without using a third variable
- Convert string to int and float
- Convert float to int and round to N decimal places
- Evaluate a complex expression using variables
- Get the memory size of a variable using sys.getsizeof()
- Demonstrate dynamic typing in Python
- Accept string input and display its ASCII values
- Display the binary, octal, and hex of a number
- Use isinstance() to check variable type
- Show precision differences between float and Decimal
- Display formatted currency and percentage
- Display a boolean expression result with explanation
- Input and Output
- Take user input and print greeting
- Input two numbers and print their sum
- Input radius and print area and circumference of a circle
- Input name and marks of a student, print formatted result
- Take input in one line and split into variables
- Read multiple lines of input and print each line reversed
- Print formatted date using f-strings
- Format and align strings using format()
- Display table of values using tabular format
- Input three numbers and display average
- Input a character and print its ASCII code
- Accept time input and display it in 12/24 hour format
- Read a password and hide it using getpass
- Format large numbers using underscores and separators
- Operators and Expressions
- Calculate the perimeter and area of a rectangle
- Compute compound interest
- Check if a number is even or odd using modulo
- Check if a number is divisible by 3 and 5
- Use relational operators between two inputs
- Use logical and, or, not to combine conditions
- Perform bitwise AND, OR, XOR on two numbers
- Evaluate an expression using parentheses and priorities
- Use augmented assignment (+=, *=, etc.) operators
- Calculate the average of a list of numbers
- Find the power of a number using ** and pow()
- Implement a basic BMI calculator
- Convert minutes to hours and minutes
- Check whether a number is in a given range
- Calculate speed = distance/time and convert units
- Module 2: Control Structures
- Conditional Statements
- Check if a number is positive, negative, or zero
- Find the largest of three numbers
- Check whether a number is even or odd
- Check if a year is a leap year
- Determine grade based on marks
- Check if a character is a vowel or consonant
- Find if a number is divisible by both 3 and 5
- Validate user login credentials (hardcoded username/password)
- Check if a person is eligible to vote
- Compare three strings and print the longest
- Check if a number is a multiple of another
- Determine if a triangle is scalene, isosceles, or equilateral
- Check if a number lies within a given range
- Convert temperature from Celsius to Fahrenheit and categorize (hot/cold)
- Simple interest or compound interest calculator with user choice
- Determine electricity bill category based on units consumed
- Find roots of a quadratic equation (real/imaginary)
- Check if a character is uppercase, lowercase, digit, or special character
- Find the absolute value of a number
- Check if a string starts with a specific letter
- Looping Statements
- Print numbers from 1 to 100
- Print even numbers between 1 to 50
- Print multiplication table of a given number
- Calculate factorial using a while loop
- Calculate the sum of digits of a number
- Count digits, alphabets, and special characters in a string
- Find the sum of first n natural numbers
- Reverse a number using loop
- Check if a number is prime
- Generate Fibonacci series up to n terms
- Print all prime numbers in a given range
- Display a pattern (e.g., pyramid, triangle using *)
- Find the Least Common Multiple (LCM) of two numbers
- Display numbers divisible by 7 but not by 5
- Calculate the power of a number using a loop
- Count how many times a digit occurs in a number
- Sum of even and odd numbers in a list
- Create a menu-driven program with loop and conditions
- Print ASCII values of all characters from A to Z
- Check if a number is an Armstrong number
- Module 3: Functions and Recursion
- Defining and Using Functions
- Function to add two numbers
- Function to check if number is even or odd
- Function to return the factorial of a number
- Function to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit
- Function to calculate the square and cube of a number
- Function to calculate the area of a circle
- Function to find the maximum of three numbers
- Function to check if a string is a palindrome
- Function to calculate BMI and categorize
- Function to reverse a string
- Function to compute compound interest
- Function to return number of vowels in a string
- Function to find sum and average of a list
- Function to count the number of uppercase and lowercase letters
- Function to sort a list without using sort()
- Function to find GCD using Euclidean method
- Function to return nCr (combinations)
- Function with default arguments (e.g., greeting message)
- Function to generate a list of prime numbers in a range
- Function to check if a number is perfect or not
- Recursion Basics
- Recursive function for factorial
- Recursive function for Fibonacci
- Recursive function to compute GCD
- Recursive function to compute sum of first N numbers
- Recursive function to reverse a string
- Recursive function to calculate power of a number
- Recursive function to find max element in a list
- Recursive function to convert decimal to binary
- Recursive function to print elements of a list
- Recursive function to find length of a string
- Recursive function to find LCM
- Recursive function to flatten a nested list
- Recursive function to calculate sum of digits
- Recursive palindrome check
- Recursive function to print numbers from N to 1
- Recursive function to check if a list is sorted
- Recursive function for binary search
- Recursive function to find all permutations of a string
- Recursive function to check if a number is prime
- Recursive function to count total vowels in a sentence
- Recursive function to count the frequency of characters in a string
- Module 4: Strings and Collections
- String Manipulation
- Count vowels and consonants in a string
- Check if a string is a palindrome
- Convert all characters in a string to uppercase
- Find the frequency of each character
- Replace spaces with hyphens
- Remove all punctuation from a string
- Count the number of words in a sentence
- Find the longest word in a sentence
- Swap case of all characters in a string
- Check if two strings are anagrams
- Remove duplicate characters from a string
- Find common characters between two strings
- Reverse a string using slicing and loop
- Capitalize the first letter of each word
- Find substring occurrences in a string
- Remove leading and trailing spaces
- Extract numbers from a string
- Split a string and join using hyphen
- Sort characters in a string alphabetically
- Find ASCII value of each character
- Lists and Tuples
- Create a list of N numbers from user input
- Find sum and average of list elements
- Count occurrences of an element
- Find the maximum and minimum in a list
- Sort a list without using built-in functions
- Remove duplicates from a list
- Add and remove elements from a list
- Reverse a list using slicing and loop
- Merge two lists
- Find the second largest number in a list
- Check if a list is sorted
- List comprehension: squares of even numbers
- Create a nested list and access elements
- Create and unpack a tuple
- Convert list to tuple and vice versa
- Find common elements in two lists
- Find the intersection and difference of two lists
- Delete all occurrences of an element from a list
- Find the most frequent element in a list
- Rotate elements of a list to the right by k positions
- Dictionaries and Sets
- Create a dictionary of student names and marks
- Count frequency of words in a sentence
- Merge two dictionaries
- Add, update, and delete a key-value pair
- Iterate over dictionary keys and values
- Find the key with the highest value
- Sort a dictionary by values
- Invert a dictionary (swap keys and values)
- Check if a key exists in dictionary
- Convert two lists into a dictionary
- Remove duplicates from a list using set
- Find union, intersection, difference of two sets
- Check if one set is a subset of another
- Add and remove elements from a set
- Count number of unique words in a sentence
- Create a set of vowels from a string
- Find common characters using set intersection
- Create dictionary from a string with character counts
- Dictionary comprehension to map numbers to their squares
- Find symmetric difference between two sets
- Module 5: Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
- Lesson 1: Classes and Objects
- Create a Person class and print name and age
- Create a Rectangle class with area and perimeter methods
- Define a Book class and display book details
- Create a Car class with attributes and a display method
- Define a BankAccount class with deposit and withdrawal
- Create a Circle class to compute area and circumference
- Create a Student class with method to calculate grade
- Define a Product class with method to apply discount
- Create an Employee class and print full profile
- Define a class to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit
- Add a method to update an attribute after initialization
- Add class variables and track instance count
- Create a Laptop class with warranty checker method
- Demonstrate instance, class, and static methods
- Create a class to store and display contact details
- Define a Movie class to show ratings and reviews
- Create a class with list attributes and methods to append
- Design a Triangle class and check for valid triangle
- Define a Clock class to show current time
- Create a class to manage inventory items
- Constructors and Methods
- Use __init__ to initialize student details
- Constructor with default parameters
- Create a class to manage bank accounts with init balance
- Define methods to increment and decrement a counter
- Create a Timer class with start/stop functionality
- Define a Point class and calculate distance from origin
- Constructor to create list of items, method to sort them
- Add a method to validate data inside a class
- Define a class Laptop with a discount method
- Create a class Course to register and drop students
- Initialize employee details and method to promote
- Define a class with method to check palindrome names
- Constructor chaining using default values
- Define an Invoice class with total price calculator
- Class with init method validating input type (int/str)
- Use method to return string representation of object
- Constructor initializing user login credentials
- Constructor-based multiplication table printer
- Define a class with password validator
- Constructor that reads user input at object creation
- Inheritance and Polymorphism
- Create a base class Animal and subclass Dog
- Use super() to call parent class constructor
- Define a Shape class and subclass Rectangle, Circle
- Override a method in child class
- Demonstrate multi-level inheritance
- Create a Person base class and Teacher, Student subclasses
- Implement multiple inheritance (e.g., Artist, Engineer)
- Create a base class Vehicle with subclasses Car, Bike
- Demonstrate method overriding and polymorphism
- Base class Account with methods deposit(), withdraw()
- Use isinstance() to check object type
- Polymorphic function that works with different data types
- Create abstract base class with abc module
- Demonstrate duck typing with walk() method
- Create a Media class with play() method overridden
- Inherit constructor and add extra attributes in child
- Use hasattr() and getattr() to access object info
- Demonstrate inheritance with __str__() method
- Extend parent class with new method in child class
- Base class Polygon with triangle, square subclasses
- Module 6: File and Exception Handling
- Reading/Writing Files
- Write a string to a text file
- Read and print contents of a text file
- Append text to an existing file
- Count number of lines in a file
- Count number of words and characters in a file
- Copy contents from one file to another
- Merge contents of two files into a third file
- Write a list of strings to a file (one per line)
- Read file and print lines with line numbers
- Remove all blank lines from a file
- Write user-entered data repeatedly into a file until "exit"
- Find and replace a word in a file
- Check if a file exists before reading (using os.path.exists())
- Read a large file line-by-line (memory-efficient)
- Read a file and extract only numeric data
- Write and read Unicode characters
- Create a file from scratch with student records
- Sort lines of a text file alphabetically
- Write reversed lines of a file to another file
- Save execution logs with timestamps into a log file
- CSV and JSON Files
- Read a CSV file and print each row
- Write a list of dictionaries to a CSV file
- Append a row to an existing CSV
- Read a CSV with headers using DictReader
- Filter rows from a CSV file (e.g., students > 80 marks)
- Convert CSV file to JSON format
- Write Python dictionary to a JSON file
- Read JSON file and access nested data
- Validate JSON using json.loads()
- Convert JSON to dictionary and loop through data
- Extract all values of a specific key from JSON
- Read a list of dictionaries from JSON and print in table
- Store user preferences/settings in a JSON file
- Append data to an existing JSON array
- Pretty-print JSON with indentation
- Read CSV and calculate statistics (mean, median)
- Write dictionary with non-ASCII characters to JSON
- Convert list of tuples into JSON array
- Update values in a loaded JSON object and save
- Build a JSON file containing user data entered via input
- Try-Except Blocks
- Handle division by zero
- Catch invalid input and convert it to integer
- Handle file not found error
- Multiple exception handling (ValueError, ZeroDivisionError)
- Use else and finally with try block
- Catch and print stack trace using traceback
- Nested try-except blocks
- Custom exception: raise error if age < 18
- Handle type errors in addition of incompatible types
- Validate file extension before opening file
- Use assertions to check preconditions
- Exception handling in list indexing
- Exception handling while opening URL (mocked)
- Raise exception if string is not alphabetic
- Try-except-finally to manage database connection (mock)
- Raise exception for password too short
- Log exception details to a file
- Retry block until valid integer input is entered
- Handle key errors in dictionary access
- Handle invalid JSON format using try-except
- Module 7: Advanced Python Features
- Lambda, Map, Filter, Reduce
- Use lambda to square a number
- Use lambda to check if a number is even
- Sort a list of tuples by the second item using lambda
- Map: convert list of strings to uppercase
- Map: square each number in a list
- Filter: extract only odd numbers from a list
- Filter: select strings longer than 5 characters
- Reduce: calculate the sum of a list
- Reduce: find the maximum in a list
- Apply map and filter together (e.g., square only even numbers)
- Use lambda to create a mini calculator
- Map: convert temperatures from Celsius to Fahrenheit
- Filter: extract palindromes from a list
- Use reduce() to calculate factorial
- Use lambda to return the length of each string in a list
- Combine map() and zip() for parallel processing
- Use lambda inside sorted() for custom sort
- Remove all negative numbers from a list using filter
- Multiply all elements using reduce()
- Map: convert list of names to title case
- Comprehensions
- List of squares from 1 to 10 using list comprehension
- Create a list of even numbers between 1–50
- Create a list of strings with length > 5
- Create a dictionary of numbers and their cubes
- Create a set of first letters of all words in a list
- Reverse each string in a list using comprehension
- Convert all vowels in a string to uppercase using list comprehension
- Dictionary: word lengths from a sentence
- Matrix transpose using nested list comprehension
- Filter out None values from a list
- Flatten a 2D list using list comprehension
- Get only unique vowels from a string
- Dictionary: count occurrences of characters
- Remove whitespace from each string in a list
- Convert a list of Fahrenheit to Celsius
- Filter only prime numbers from a range
- List comprehension to remove punctuation from string
- Convert a list of tuples into a dictionary
- Create a list of perfect squares less than 100
- Convert string of digits into a list of integers
- Decorators and Generators
- Create a basic decorator to log function call
- Decorator to measure execution time
- Decorator to check user authentication
- Decorator to convert output to uppercase
- Chained decorators: log and format return value
- Generator: yield numbers from 1 to N
- Generator to yield even numbers up to N
- Generator to yield Fibonacci sequence
- Generator to read large file line by line
- Use generator expression to sum squares of numbers
- Decorator to validate function input (e.g., age > 0)
- Create a generator for infinite odd numbers
- Decorator to retry a function N times on failure
- Generator to yield prime numbers under 100
- Decorator to catch and log exceptions
- Generator to yield all substrings of a string
- Create a decorator that adds a greeting to function output
- Generator to simulate countdown
- Decorator that prevents function from executing twice
- Use next() to manually iterate through a generator
- Module 8: Data Structures
- Manual Implementation - Stack (LIFO) and Queue (FIFO)
- Stack (LIFO)
- Implement queue using list (enqueue, dequeue)
- Implement circular queue using list
- Simulate a ticket booking queue system
- Priority queue implementation using list of tuples
- Implement queue using two stacks
- Implement deque (double-ended queue)
- Simulate printer queue with priorities
- Implement queue using a linked list
- Patient registration system using queue
- Circular buffer simulation
- Queue (FIFO)
- Implement queue using list (enqueue, dequeue)
- Implement circular queue using list
- Simulate a ticket booking queue system
- Priority queue implementation using list of tuples
- Implement queue using two stacks
- Implement deque (double-ended queue)
- Simulate printer queue with priorities
- Implement queue using a linked list
- Patient registration system using queue
- Circular buffer simulation
- Built-in Structures (from collections and heapq)
- Use deque for append and pop from both ends
- Implement stack and queue using deque
- Palindrome checker using deque
- Use Counter to count frequency of words in a paragraph
- Use defaultdict to categorize list of tuples by key
- Group words by their starting letter using defaultdict
- Use OrderedDict to remember order of insertions
- Use heapq to implement a min-heap
- Use heapq to get top N smallest/largest elements
- Create a priority queue with heapq and tuples
- Convert list into heap and perform heapify
- Merge multiple sorted lists using heap
- Use Counter to find the most common element
- Use deque to rotate a list
- Use namedtuple to create structured records
- Compare dict vs OrderedDict for insertion order
- Implement leaderboard with top scores using heapq
- Use ChainMap to merge multiple dictionaries
- Use Counter to compare frequency of characters
- Create a min-heap for task scheduling
- Module 9: Data Science with Python (Intro)
- NumPy Basics
- Create a 1D, 2D, and 3D NumPy array
- Create arrays with zeros(), ones(), arange(), and linspace()
- Reshape a 1D array into a 2D array
- Perform element-wise arithmetic operations
- Slice and index a NumPy array
- Find mean, median, standard deviation, and variance
- Matrix multiplication and dot product
- Transpose a matrix
- Create identity and diagonal matrices
- Stack arrays vertically and horizontally
- Filter elements using boolean indexing
- Replace negative numbers with 0 in an array
- Flatten a multi-dimensional array
- Use broadcasting to add scalar to array
- Find max and min value in a NumPy array
- Sort rows and columns of a 2D array
- Generate a random matrix
- Check memory usage of array vs Python list
- Create a histogram of random normal data
- Solve linear equations using NumPy
- Pandas for DataFrames
- Create a DataFrame from a dictionary
- Read a CSV file into a DataFrame
- Display column names and basic statistics (.describe())
- Access rows and columns using loc and iloc
- Filter rows based on condition
- Add and drop columns in a DataFrame
- Group data by a column and calculate average
- Handle missing values (fill, drop, interpolate)
- Sort DataFrame by a column
- Rename columns and indexes
- Merge two DataFrames (inner, outer joins)
- Apply a function to a column
- Convert a column to datetime
- Create a new column from existing ones
- Export DataFrame to CSV and Excel
- Plot bar chart from column values
- Filter rows where string column contains a keyword
- Load and analyze Excel files using read_excel()
- Concatenate multiple DataFrames
- Pivot and unpivot tables using pivot_table() and melt()
- Matplotlib and Seaborn
- Plot a simple line chart with labels
- Plot bar chart of student scores
- Plot pie chart of product sales
- Create a histogram of ages
- Plot multiple lines on one graph
- Customize chart titles, axis labels, grid
- Plot scatter plot of two variables
- Create subplots in one figure
- Read data from CSV and plot graph
- Save a plot to a file (PNG, JPG)
- Create boxplot to compare distributions
- Create heatmap using Seaborn
- Plot pairplot of numeric features
- Show correlation matrix using heatmap
- Plot distribution plot of scores using Seaborn
- Customize colors and styles of plots
- Plot bar chart with error bars
- Add annotations and labels to data points
- Compare multiple categories using grouped bar chart
- Visualize time series data using line plots
- Module 10: Working with APIs and Web
- requests and APIs
- Make a GET request to a public API (e.g., JSONPlaceholder)
- Print the status code and headers of a response
- Parse and display JSON from an API response
- Make a POST request with JSON payload
- Send parameters with a GET request using params
- Download an image or file from a URL
- Get current weather data using OpenWeatherMap API
- Fetch a random joke or quote from an API
- Validate and format API response using json module
- Handle 404 or failed API requests with try-except
- Create a reusable function to call any API endpoint
- Access GitHub user data using GitHub REST API
- Send data to a mock server (e.g., reqres.in) using POST
- Parse nested JSON and display it in tabular form
- Build a function that returns COVID stats for a country
- Automate currency conversion using a Forex API
- Display top headlines using NewsAPI
- Monitor a website’s uptime using repeated API pings
- Extract NASA Astronomy Picture of the Day using their API
- Store API responses in a JSON file locally
- Web Scraping with BeautifulSoup
- Scrape the title of a web page
- Extract all hyperlinks from a page
- Scrape all
to
tags from a site
- Extract text from all
tags
- Get article titles from a news site homepage
- Scrape job listings from a job portal
- Scrape product names and prices from an e-commerce site
- Extract table data from a webpage (e.g., Wikipedia)
- Scrape weather forecast from a local site
- Download all images from a webpage
- Scrape blog post titles and URLs
- Extract all email addresses from a website
- Use CSS selectors to target specific elements
- Handle pagination in scraping (next page button)
- Store scraped data in CSV format
- Store scraped data in a JSON file
- Build a mini command-line scraper for quotes
- Filter scraped elements using tag attributes
- Detect and skip broken URLs
- Integrate requests + BeautifulSoup in a scraper pipeline
- JSON Handling
- Convert a Python dictionary to JSON string
- Convert JSON string to dictionary
- Write dictionary data to a JSON file
- Read JSON file and access nested values
- Pretty-print JSON with indentation
- Load JSON from a web API and parse it
- Handle invalid JSON with try-except
- Update a value inside a loaded JSON object
- Delete a key from a JSON object and save
- Add new key-value pairs to an existing JSON file
- Merge two JSON objects into one
- Convert a JSON array to a list of Python objects
- Search for a value in nested JSON
- Save a list of students' data into a JSON file
- Load and loop through JSON to print formatted output
- Convert a list of objects to JSON with custom encoder
- Serialize a class instance to JSON
- Deserialize JSON string into custom Python class
- Validate a JSON structure manually (e.g., required fields)
- Compare two JSON objects and highlight differences
- Module 11: GUI and Automation
- GUI Programming with Tkinter
- Create a basic GUI window with title and size
- Add a label and button to a window
- Display user-entered text using an input field
- Build a simple calculator (add, subtract, multiply, divide)
- Create a login form with username and password fields
- Build a temperature converter (Celsius ↔ Fahrenheit)
- Create a dropdown menu and display selected value
- Add radio buttons for selecting gender
- Add checkboxes and show selected hobbies
- Use frames and grids to organize widgets
- Display list of items and select from it
- File browser: open and read a text file
- Create a to-do list application with add/remove
- Create a feedback form with validation
- Add progress bar and simulate loading
- Create GUI to browse and display images
- Change theme/colors dynamically
- Add menu bar with File/Edit/Help options
- Connect GUI with SQLite to store user data
- Show popup message boxes (info, error, warning)
- Automation with os, shutil, datetime, and schedule
- List all files and folders in a directory
- Create, rename, and delete files/folders using os
- Automatically rename multiple files with a pattern
- Copy/move/delete files using shutil
- Backup a folder to another location
- Get file creation/modification date
- Convert filenames to lowercase in a directory
- Create a daily log file with timestamp
- Schedule a task to run every 5 minutes using schedule
- Delete all .tmp files from a folder
- Check disk usage of a folder
- Record current time and write it into a file every 10 sec
- Take automatic screenshot every 30 seconds
- Send a reminder every hour using notification
- Create a zip backup of a folder
- Script to clean up downloads folder
- Automatically email a log file at midnight
- Archive files older than 7 days
- Generate time-based filenames for saving reports
- Automate system shutdown after a timer
- Automating Web Tasks with pyautogui and selenium
- Automate keyboard typing using pyautogui
- Automate mouse clicks and cursor movements
- Take automatic screenshots every N seconds
- Open a website and search using selenium
- Log in to a website automatically using credentials
- Scrape product prices from an e-commerce site
- Fill and submit a Google form using Selenium
- Download files from a website
- Send automated WhatsApp message via web
- Open and control YouTube (play, pause using hotkeys)
- Automate a web-based calculator
- Click a button by its text or CSS class
- Scroll down a webpage using Selenium
- Capture alert popups and handle them
- Automate form filling on a job portal
- Use headless browser for faster automation
- Wait for page to load before scraping content
- Screenshot a webpage and save
- Fill a captcha and stop at verification
- Build a bot to auto-like latest tweets/posts
- Module 12: Mini Projects
- Beginner Level Projects
- To-Do List App (Console)
- Quiz Game
- Number Guessing Game
- Simple ATM Simulator
- Contact Book
- Calculator with GUI (Tkinter)
- Digital Clock (GUI)
- Dice Roller Simulator
- Password Generator
- Simple Alarm Clock
- Intermediate Projects
- Student Marks Report Generator
- Weather App using API
- Currency Converter (with API or static rates)
- Flashcard App for Learning
- Text File Analyzer
- Typing Speed Tester
- BMI Calculator with GUI
- Age Calculator
- Unit Converter (length, weight, temperature)
- Library Book Management (console or GUI)
- Module 13: Capstone Projects
- Capstone Projects (Intermediate to Advanced)
- Student Result Management System
- E-Library Management System
- Expense Tracker App
- Weather Dashboard (API + GUI)
- Online Quiz Application with Scoreboard
- Portfolio Website Generator (CLI/GUI)
- Job Search Automation Bot
- Inventory and Billing System for a Store
- Python Chatbot (GUI or Terminal)
- Movie Recommendation App (Content-Based)
- School Attendance System with CSV and Visualization
- Budget Planner (Pie Charts + Reports)
- File Organizer Utility (Drag-and-Drop GUI)
- Daily Journal App
- Task Manager App with Notifications
- Currency + Crypto Converter App
- PDF Tools Suite
- Mini Social Media Feed
- Resume Parser and Keyword Matcher
- Data Dashboard using Pandas + Matplotlib + Tkinter
- Automating Web Tasks with pyautogui and selenium
Python Programs
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Python Programs - String
Swap case of all characters in a string - Python Program
Example 1 :
text = "Hello World" print(text.swapcase())
Output
OUTPUT : hELLO wORLD
Example 2 :
def swap_case_sentence(sentence): """ Swaps the case of each character in a given sentence. Uppercase characters become lowercase, and lowercase characters become uppercase. Non-alphabetic characters remain unchanged. Args: sentence: The input string (sentence). Returns: A new string with the case of characters swapped. """ return sentence.swapcase() # Test cases sentence1 = "Hello World!" sentence2 = "pYtHoN PrOgRaMmInG" sentence3 = "123 ABC def" print(f"Original sentence 1: '{sentence1}'") print(f"Swapped case sentence 1: '{swap_case_sentence(sentence1)}'\n") print(f"Original sentence 2: '{sentence2}'") print(f"Swapped case sentence 2: '{swap_case_sentence(sentence2)}'\n") print(f"Original sentence 3: '{sentence3}'") print(f"Swapped case sentence 3: '{swap_case_sentence(sentence3)}'\n")
Output
OUTPUT : Original sentence 1: 'Hello World!' Swapped case sentence 1: 'hELLO wORLD!' Original sentence 2: 'pYtHoN PrOgRaMmInG' Swapped case sentence 2: 'PyThOn pRoGrAmMiNg' Original sentence 3: '123 ABC def' Swapped case sentence 3: '123 abc DEF'