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Python Programs - Input and Output

Format and align strings using format() - Python Program

Example 1: Basic Program

Python 

name = "Ronnie"
score = 98

print("Name: {:<10} Score: {:>5}".format(name, score))

Output

 
OUTPUT  :
Name: Ronnie     Score:    98

: <10 left-aligns, : >5 right-aligns for neat columnar output.

Example 2: Advanced Program

Python 

# --- Basic Formatting ---
name = "Ronnie"
age = 21
message_basic = "My name is {} and I am {} years old.".format(name, age)
print(f"Basic Formatting: {message_basic}")

# --- Positional Arguments ---
item = "book"
price = 19.99
message_positional = "The {1} costs ${0:.2f}.".format(price, item)
print(f"Positional Arguments: {message_positional}")

# --- Keyword Arguments ---
city = "New York"
country = "USA"
message_keyword = "I live in {city}, {country}.".format(city=city, country=country)
print(f"Keyword Arguments: {message_keyword}")

# --- String Alignment and Padding ---
text = "Python"
width = 20

# Left Alignment
left_aligned = "{:<{}}".format(text, width)
print(f"Left Aligned: '{left_aligned}'")

# Right Alignment
right_aligned = "{:>{}}".format(text, width)
print(f"Right Aligned: '{right_aligned}'")

# Center Alignment
center_aligned = "{:^{}}".format(text, width)
print(f"Center Aligned: '{center_aligned}'")

# Padding with a specific character
padded_char = "{:*^{}}".format(text, width)
print(f"Padded with '*': '{padded_char}'")

# --- Number Formatting ---
value_float = 123.456789
value_int = 123456789

# Limiting decimal places
formatted_float = "Value: {:.2f}".format(value_float)
print(f"Formatted Float (2 decimal places): {formatted_float}")

# Thousands Separator
formatted_int = "Large Number: {:,}".format(value_int)
print(f"Formatted Integer (thousands separator): {formatted_int}")

# Percentage Formatting
percentage = 0.75
formatted_percent = "Progress: {:.1%}".format(percentage)
print(f"Formatted Percentage: {formatted_percent}")

# --- Combining Formatting Options ---
product = "Laptop"
cost = 1200.50
stock = 15
combined_format = "{:<15} | ${:>10.2f} | Stock: {:>5}".format(product, cost, stock)
print(f"Combined Formatting: {combined_format}")

Output

 
OUTPUT  :
Basic Formatting: My name is Ronnie and I am 21 years old.
Positional Arguments: The book costs $19.99.
Keyword Arguments: I live in New York, USA.
Left Aligned: 'Python              '
Right Aligned: '              Python'
Center Aligned: '       Python       '
Padded with '*': '*******Python*******'
Formatted Float (2 decimal places): Value: 123.46
Formatted Integer (thousands separator): Large Number: 123,456,789
Formatted Percentage: Progress: 75.0%
Combined Formatting: Laptop          | $   1200.50 | Stock:    15

Explanation:

  • Basic Formatting:

Simplest use, placeholders are filled in order.

  • Positional Arguments:

Use index numbers within {}, e.g., {0}, {1}, to specify which argument to use.

  • Keyword Arguments:

Use names within {}, e.g., {city}, {country}, and pass arguments as keyword arguments to format().

  • String Alignment and Padding:
    • <: Left-aligns the text within the specified width.
    • >: Right-aligns the text within the specified width.
    • ^: Centers the text within the specified width.
    • You can add a padding character before the alignment specifier (e.g., :*^).
  • Number Formatting:
    • :.2f: Formats a float to two decimal places.
    • :,: Adds a thousands separator to an integer.
    • :.1%: Formats a float as a percentage with one decimal place.
  • Combining Formatting Options:

Multiple format specifiers can be used within a single placeholder to control alignment, precision, and other aspects simultaneously. The width is specified after the alignment character.

 

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